Many people think tool use is something that separates humans from other animals. But researchers have observed animals using objects to solve problems, obtain food and protect themselves. Some of their methods are surprisingly clever.
1. New Caledonian crows: These birds use sticks and specially shaped plant materials to pull insects from holes. Some can even modify tools to make them more effective.
2. Chimpanzees: Chimpanzees use sticks to collect termites, stones to crack nuts and leaves as makeshift sponges for drinking water. Different communities may develop different tool habits.
3. Sea otters: Sea otters sometimes use rocks to break open shellfish. They may rest on their backs while placing food and a stone on their chest.
4. Dolphins: Some bottlenose dolphins in Australia use marine sponges to protect their noses while searching for food along the seabed. This behaviour is particularly interesting because it can be passed between generations.
5. Octopuses: Some octopuses carry coconut shells or other objects and use them as shelters. They may assemble the objects and hide inside when threatened.
6. Egyptian vultures: These birds have been observed using stones to break open large eggs. Instead of relying only on their beaks, they use an object to access food.
7. Capuchin monkeys: Capuchin monkeys use stones to crack nuts and other hard foods. Some groups have developed specialised ways of selecting and using tools.
Final thoughts: Tool use is not exclusive to humans. These animals demonstrate problem-solving skills and different forms of intelligence. Their behaviour also reminds us that nature is more complex than we sometimes imagine.
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