Testicular cancer develops in one or both testicles and is most commonly diagnosed in younger and middle-aged men, although it can occur at other ages. It is often treatable, especially when detected early. Men should know what is normal for their bodies and seek medical advice when they notice a new change.
1. A painless lump in a testicle: A new lump or swelling in one testicle is an important warning sign. It may not cause pain, which is why it should not be ignored.
2. One testicle becoming larger: A noticeable change in the size or shape of one testicle should be checked by a clinician.
3. A feeling of heaviness: Some men describe a heavy or dragging feeling in the scrotum.
4. Pain or discomfort: A dull ache or pain in a testicle or scrotum can occur. Pain alone is not usually enough to identify cancer, but persistent discomfort deserves assessment.
5. Lower abdominal or groin discomfort: Some men experience discomfort in the lower abdomen or groin alongside changes in the testicle.
6. Sudden fluid accumulation: An unexplained build-up of fluid around a testicle may cause swelling and should be medically examined.
Final thoughts: Not every lump or swelling is cancer. Infections, cysts and other conditions can cause similar changes. However, a new testicular lump should always be checked promptly. Sudden severe testicular pain is an emergency because it may indicate testicular torsion, a condition that can damage the testicle if treatment is delayed.
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