Mouth sores can make eating, drinking and speaking uncomfortable. Some disappear within a few days, while others keep returning or refuse to heal. Although most mouth sores are not dangerous, persistent changes inside the mouth deserve attention.
1. Canker sores
These are small, painful ulcers that usually appear inside the mouth, on the tongue or on the inner cheeks. They are not contagious and often heal on their own within one or two weeks.
2. Viral infections
Certain viral infections, including herpes simplex, can cause painful blisters or sores around the lips or inside the mouth. Some infections can return periodically.
3. Nutritional deficiencies
Low levels of iron, vitamin B12 or folate can sometimes contribute to mouth ulcers or soreness. A healthcare professional can arrange tests if a deficiency is suspected.
4. Irritation or injury
Accidentally biting your cheek, brushing too aggressively, sharp teeth or poorly fitting dentures can cause sores. The area may remain irritated if the source of injury continues.
5. Oral thrush
Oral thrush is a fungal infection that can produce white patches and soreness inside the mouth. It is more likely in certain people, including those using some inhaled steroid medicines or with weakened immunity.
6. Oral cancer
A sore that does not heal, a persistent red or white patch, a lump or unexplained bleeding can sometimes be a sign of oral cancer. Most mouth sores are not cancer, but a persistent abnormality needs examination.
Final thoughts
Maintain good oral hygiene, avoid tobacco and do not apply harsh chemicals or household substances to mouth sores. If a sore lasts more than two weeks, keeps returning or is accompanied by difficulty swallowing, a neck lump or unexplained weight loss, arrange a dental or medical examination.
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